4573
Global
Height rank

Al Khatem Tower

Abu Dhabi
Height 155.0 m / 509 ft
Floors 37
Official Name
The current legal building name.

Al Khatem Tower

Other Names
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc.

Sowwah Square Tower 4

Name of Complex
A complex is a group of buildings which are designed and built as pieces of a greater development.

Abu Dhabi Global Market Square

Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.

Building

Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished

Completed, 2012

Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

United Arab Emirates

City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.

Abu Dhabi

Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.

A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.

office

Structural Material
Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.

Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.

Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.

Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.

Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.

concrete

Official Website

Sowwah Square

Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."

155.0 m / 509 ft

To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
155.0 m / 509 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
145.0 m / 476 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).

37

Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.

2

Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a particular building, measured in meters per second.

6 m/s

Rankings
#
4573
Tallest in the World
#
366
Tallest in Middle East
#
41
Tallest in Abu Dhabi
#
1869
Tallest Office Building in the World
#
119
Tallest Office Building in Middle East
#
54
Tallest Office Building in United Arab Emirates
#
12
Tallest Office Building in Abu Dhabi
#
2511
Tallest Concrete Building in the World
#
319
Tallest Concrete Building in Middle East
#
36
Tallest Concrete Building in Abu Dhabi
Construction Schedule
2007

Proposed

2008

Construction Start

2012

Completed

Architect
Design

Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.

Structural Engineer
Peer Review

The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.

MEP Engineer
Peer Review

The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.

Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).

Development
Owner/Developer
Mubadala Real Estate & Infrastructure
Architect
Design

Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.

Architect of Record

Usually takes on the balance of the architectural effort not executed by the "Design Architect," typically responsible for the construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc. May often be referred to as "Executive," "Associate," or "Local" Architect, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Architect of Record" exclusively.

Serex International
Structural Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.

Oger International
Engineer of Record

The Engineer of Record takes the balance of the engineering effort not executed by the “Design Engineer,” typically responsible for construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc.

Serex International
Peer Review

The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.

MEP Engineer
Design

The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.

Oger International
Peer Review

The Peer Review Engineer traditionally comments on the information produced by another party, and to render second opinions, but not to initiate what the design looks like from the start.

Main Contractor

The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.

Oger Abu Dhabi
Other Consultant

Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).

Development

CTBUH Awards & Distinctions

Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa 2013 Winner

2013 CTBUH Awards

CTBUH Initiatives

CTBUH Representatives Accompany Saudi Visit to Qatar, UAE

14 October 2014 - Event

Sowwah Square Chosen as Featured Building

1 February 2014 - Featured Building

Videos

07 November 2013 | Abu Dhabi

Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa: Sowwah Square: A New Environmental Paradigm for the Middle East

Sowwah Square is consciously sustainable and warmly inviting. Its clear massing and organization helps ensure that the design will not appear dated and will continue...

Research

21 September 2012

How Tall Buildings Meet the Ground is as Important as How They Meet the Sky

James Goettsch, Goettsch Partners

If you are concerned about the urban habitat, you have to be concerned about whether or not buildings provide a positive experience at the ground...

About Al Khatem Tower

Abu Dhabi Global Market Square is a major new commercial development on Abu Dhabi’s Al Maryah Island. The city’s new urban framework plan, entitled Plan Abu Dhabi 2030, has designated the previously undeveloped island and the adjacent edges of Mina Zayed and Reem Island as the city’s new Central Business District. The project totals over 290,000 square meters of office space and features the iconic new headquarters building for the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange, surrounded by four office towers, all overlooking the water. In addition, the project integrates two levels of retail and two parking structures.

The centerpiece of the development’s first phase is the business center, which includes a stock exchange building, four Class-A office towers and 23,220 square meters of retail. The stock exchange building is an iconic, four-level facility. Glass-enclosed with a roof the size of a football field. The four granite piers house the stairs, mechanical risers and service elements for the exchange.

Four office towers frame the stock exchange building. The first full office floor of each building provides a transparent, open lobby and elevating the views on all tenant floors. A landscaped plaza connects the four buildings and the exchange.
Beneath the plaza, a two-story retail podium weaves through the development, providing upscale shopping along the waterfront. At the north and south boundaries of the site, two parking structures, partially submerged, serve the complex with more than 2,400 parking spaces each.

Abu Dhabi Global Market Square is the first mixed-use project in Abu Dhabi to be pre-certified LEED-CS Gold based on sustainable initiatives. However, the complex looks beyond the LEED certification process to emphasize a sustainable design approach throughout, integrating both active and passive sustainable design strategies. The complex emphasizes a sustainable design approach throughout, and looks beyond the LEED certification process to integrate both active and passive sustainable design strategies. The environmentally responsive enclosure system uses a mechanically ventilated cavity and a double-skin façade system over large portions of the office buildings. These elements mitigate the 40 ºF (4.44 º C ) interior/exterior temperature differential and protect building occupants from the intense sand storms and constant corrosive mist of the neighboring Gulf coast.

The double-skin cavities run uninterrupted along the entire height of the four office towers, starting from the fourth floor and extending to the penthouse mechanical floors. Within these cavities, active solar shades continuously track and adjust for the sun angle in order to provide optimal shading to the building’s interior. The cavity is sealed to protect the gears from airborne particulates.

Active solar shading and glass selection keep the cavity from increasing the internal radiant temperature. To minimize the amount of solar energy penetrating the outer layer of the double-skin system, an outboard fin with a very high shading coefficient (76 percent) was selected. The remaining energy was then blocked from reaching the inner façade by the active shading; however, its presence contributed to an elevated air temperature within the double-skin cavity.

To alleviate the accelerated temperature and achieve the moderating air buffer, the warm cavity air needed to be flushed out using an air source cooler than the natural air temperature. The solution was to collect the exhaust air from the tower offices and, instead of allowing it to escape into the atmosphere, redirect it back down the double-skin cavities, where it is exhausted at the fourth-floor mechanical level. Sensors within the cavities modulate dampers at the top of the building, directing the air to the optimal zones of the cavity depending on the time of day and outdoor temperature. Additional dampers will allow filtered exterior air to enter directly into the cavity during economizing periods such as night and winter, when the outdoor air is cooler than the collected exhaust air.

Through these efforts, the design team expects the double-skin cavity to be an average temperature of 89 ºF (31.7 ºC) when the exterior temperature reaches 115 ºF (46.1ºC) . This condition will allow the high U-value of the insulated inner glazing to more easily block the air cavity’s radiating energy. Most importantly, calculations estimate that the double-skin system designed for Abu Dhabi Global Market Square will generate a savings of 7200 kWh of electricity per day across all four towers and provide a more comfortable thermal environment near the perimeter wall, all while protecting itself from the harsh external elements.

CTBUH Awards & Distinctions

Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa 2013 Winner

2013 CTBUH Awards

07 November 2013 | Abu Dhabi

Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa: Sowwah Square: A New Environmental Paradigm for the Middle East

Sowwah Square is consciously sustainable and warmly inviting. Its clear massing and organization helps ensure that the design will not appear dated and will continue...

07 November 2013 | Abu Dhabi

CTBUH 12th Annual Awards Dinner

The 12th Annual Awards Ceremony & Dinner was held in Mies van der Rohe's iconic Crown Hall, on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus, Chicago....

07 November 2013 | Abu Dhabi

Interview: Sowwah Square

James Goettsch discusses Sowwah Square, the Best Tall Building Europe Middle East & Africa Winner. The design of Sowwah Square includes many sustainable elements and...

20 September 2012 | Abu Dhabi

How Tall Buildings Meet the Ground is as Important as How They Meet the Sky

Today, urbanism is synonymous with tall buildings, and because of their symbolic nature a great deal of attention is given to how these buildings meet...

14 October 2014

CTBUH Representatives Accompany Saudi Visit to Qatar, UAE

Henning Larsen Architects have been commissioned to design a sizable new headquarters building for a key Saudi organization and visited similar projects in Qatar and UAE.

1 February 2014

Sowwah Square Chosen as Featured Building

Sowwah Square stands out as consciously sustainable and warmly inviting, yet a formally disciplined project in a region where achieving such aims have historically proven difficult.