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The Leadenhall Building
London
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Metrics
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Height
224.0 m / 735 ft
Floors
52
Official Name
The current legal building name.
The Leadenhall Building
Other Names
Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc.
The Cheese Grater
Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.
Building
Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished
Completed, 2014
Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
Address
Postal Code
EC3V 4AB
Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
office
Structural Material
Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.
Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.
Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.
steel
Energy Label
BREEAM Excellent
Official Website
Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
224.0 m / 735 ft
To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
224.0 m / 735 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
202.9 m / 666 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
52
Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
4
# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a particular building.
22
# of Elevators
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).
26
Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a particular building, measured in meters per second.
8 m/s
Tower GFA
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
84,424 m² / 908,732 ft²
Rankings
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By function
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By material
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#
890
Tallest in the World
#
31
Tallest in
Europe
#
4
Tallest in
London
#
409
Tallest Office Building in the World
#
15
Tallest Office Building in
Europe
#
3
Tallest Office Building in
United Kingdom
#
3
Tallest Office Building in
London
#
86
Tallest Steel Building in the World
#
5
Tallest Steel Building in
Europe
#
3
Tallest Steel Building in
United Kingdom
#
3
Tallest Steel Building in
London
Construction Schedule
2001
Proposed
2011
Construction Start
2014
Completed
Architect
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Project Manager
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Cost
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Elevator
Sealants
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Owner
Current
CC Land
Past
Oxford Properties Group Inc.; The British Land Company PLC
Developer
The British Land Company PLC; Oxford Properties Group Inc.
Architect
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Project Manager
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
WSP Group; M3 Consulting
Main Contractor
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
Laing O'Rourke
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Cost
alinea Consulting; AECOM
Fire
Exova Warringtonfire
Landscape
Edco Design London
Marketing
Wordsearch
Planning
DP9 Ltd
Urban Planner
Francis Golding
Material Supplier
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Material Supplier refers to organizations which supplied significant systems/materials for a building project (e.g. elevator suppliers, facade suppliers, etc).
Cladding
Yuanda
Elevator
Paint/Coating
AkzoNobel
Sealants
Steel
Watson Steel
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building Europe 2015 Award of Excellence
2015 CTBUH Awards
Innovation Award 2014 Award of Excellence
2014 CTBUH Awards
CTBUH Initiatives
CTBUH UK Hosts Discussion: Protecting or Prohibiting?
22 May 2018 - Event
Canada Event Considers “The Story of Marketing Tall Buildings”
20 June 2017 - Event
Videos
30 October 2017 | London
Urban Policy Towards Tall Buildings Globally: The Architect’s Perspective
Tall buildings have an important role in defining the character of the City and they help reduce urban sprawl. However, when a building rises above...
Research
25 April 2019
Offset Cores: Trends, Drivers and Frequency in Tall Buildings
Dr. Philip Oldfield, UNSW Sydney; Bronte Doherty, BVN Architecture
This research explores the trends, drivers and frequency of offset cores in the world’s tallest buildings. It charts the history of tall building layouts, exploring...
Videos
30 October 2017 | London
Urban Policy Towards Tall Buildings Globally: The Architect’s Perspective
Tall buildings have an important role in defining the character of the City and they help reduce urban sprawl. However, when a building rises above...
19 October 2016 | London
From San Diego to Guangzhou: The Story of Marketing Tall Buildings
One of the keys to attracting buyers and tenants for a contemporary tall building is a succinct marketing strategy and a robust understanding of how...
12 June 2013 | London
Digital Engineering – Transforming Tall Buildings
Tall buildings, in congested city centers, often combine major civil, structural, and services challenges and opportunities. Construction can cause major noise and disruption to the...
12 June 2013 | London
Some sources predict that by 2050 the population will have reached nine billion; six to seven living in cities. This will be a generation of...
11 June 2013 | London
Interview: Community in Tall Buildings
Angela Brady of RIBA is interviewed by Jeff Herzer during the 2013 CTBUH London Conference at The Brewery, London. Angela talks about the importance of...
11 June 2013 | London
Interview: Identity of British Architecture
Paul Monaghan of AHMM is interviewed by Jeff Herzer during the 2013 CTBUH London Conference at The Brewery, London. Paul talks about the identity of...
11 June 2013 | London
Interview: Leadenhall Building
Richard Pilkington of Oxford Properties is interviewed by Jeff Herzer during the 2013 CTBUH London Conference at The Brewery, London. Richard talks about how the...
11 June 2013 | London
Session 6: The Urban and Public Realm
Tall buildings will be part of our environment in an increasing number of cities, whose ages span centuries. If it is to be integral to...
11 June 2013 | London
The Leadenhall Building: Developed for London
The recent global economic turmoil that was experienced by all those involved in the design and construction industry has certainly left its mark on the...
19 September 2012 | London
Interview: Leadenhall Building
David Scott of Laing O'Rourke is interviewed by Jeff Herzer during the 2012 CTBUH Shanghai Congress at the Jin Mao, Shanghai. David talks about prefabrication...
Research
25 April 2019
Offset Cores: Trends, Drivers and Frequency in Tall Buildings
This research explores the trends, drivers and frequency of offset cores in the world’s tallest buildings. It charts the history of tall building layouts, exploring...
BritishLand.jpg)
01 July 2018
A Human-Scaled Future for Dense Development
Critics of height argue that it de-humanizes our cities. Yet a critical mass is a necessity for vibrant city life, and height is a key...
01 December 2016
The Emergence of the Diagrid - It’s All About the Node
The diagrid structural system for constructing tall buildings is a recent invention. Debuting in 2004 with the construction of the Swiss Re Tower in London,...
31 December 2014
Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2014
An All-Time Record 97 Buildings of 200 Meters or Higher Completed in 2014 and 2014 showed further shifts towards Asia, and also surprising developments in...
12 June 2013
Case Study: The Leadenhall Building, London
The Leadenhall Building leans back to make way for views to St. Paul’s Cathedral and other historic sites in a crowded section of the City...
05 November 2007
The Economics of Supertall Towers
This paper addresses global economic factors infl uencing the decisions leading to the development of super-tall towers, including population growth and urbanization, economic cycles and...
CTBUH Initiatives
Filter by
22 May 2018
CTBUH UK Hosts Discussion: Protecting or Prohibiting?
The CTBUH UK Chapter held an event discussing the subject: “Are London’s Viewing Corridors Protecting or Prohibiting our City's Growth?"
20 June 2017
Canada Event Considers “The Story of Marketing Tall Buildings”
Building up momentum for the CTBUH 2017 Conference in Australia, the CTBUH Canada Chapter held its most recent event at the University of Toronto Faculty Club.
17 September 2015
Warm Weather Spaces Walking Tours 2015
The CTBUH Urban Habitat / Urban Design Committee organized guided walking tours of 16 cities around the globe, focusing on urban habitats around tall buildings.
29 July 2015
Ivan Harbour on Design Excellence
CTBUH Sydney welcomed Ivan Harbour, of Roger Stirk Harbour + Partners, to share his thoughts and experiences with international design excellence competitions.
22 May 2015
Inaugural Japan Symposium Rises to the Occasion in Tokyo
CTBUH held its inaugural Japan Symposium at the Academy Hills lecture hall of the Mori Tower in Roppongi Hills, bringing together leading experts
29 January 2015
Seven Cities Winter Spaces Walking Tour
The new CTBUH Urban Habitat / Urban Design Committee organized a highly successful Winter Spaces Walking Tour in seven cities around the world.
1 July 2013
The Leadenhall Building Chosen as Featured Building
The Leadenhall Building leans back to make way for views to St. Paul’s Cathedral and other historic sites in a crowded section of the City of London.
13 June 2013
Activity at the CTBUH London Conference: Day Three
Tall Building Industry Gathers in London See the highlights from the tall building event of the year…
13 June 2013
The Leadenhall Building Technical Tour Report
Developed by British Land and Oxford Properties, The Leadenhall Building is an exceptionally complex, 52-story engineering project undergoing construction in the heart of the City of London.
17 July 2011
London Report: Bucking a Western Trend?
Executive Director Antony Wood visited the UK in July for the inaugural meeting of a future CTBUH UK Chapter and other endeavors.
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