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998
Global
Height rank
Height rank
C&D International Tower
Xiamen
-
Metrics
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Height
219.4 m / 720 ft
Floors
49
Official Name
The current legal building name.
C&D International Tower
Type
CTBUH collects data on two major types of tall structures: 'Buildings' and 'Telecommunications / Observation Towers.' A 'Building' is a structure where at least 50% of the height is occupied by usable floor area. A 'Telecommunications / Observation Tower' is a structure where less than 50% of the structure's height is occupied by usable floor area. Only 'Buildings' are eligible for the CTBUH 'Tallest Buildings' lists.
Building
Status
Completed
Architecturally Topped Out
Structurally Topped Out
Under Construction
Proposed
On Hold
Never Completed
Vision
Competition Entry
Canceled
Proposed Renovation
Under Renovation
Renovated
Under Demolition
Demolished
Completed, 2013
Country
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of Country, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
City
The CTBUH follows the United Nations's definition of City, and thus uses the lists and codes established by that organization.
Address
Function
A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85% or more of its usable floor area is dedicated to a single usage. Thus a building with 90% office floor area would be said to be an "office" building, irrespective of other minor functions it may also contain.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions (or uses), where each of the functions occupy a significant proportion of the tower's total space. Support areas such as car parks and mechanical plant space do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH "Tallest Building" lists in descending order, e.g., "hotel/office" indicates hotel function above office function.
office
Structural Material
Steel
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.
Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure.
Reinforced Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars.
Precast Concrete
Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site.
Mixed-Structure
Utilizes distinct systems (e.g. steel, concrete, timber), one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel.
Composite
A combination of materials (e.g. steel, concrete, timber) are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.
composite
Core
Reinforced Concrete
Columns
Concrete Filled Steel
Floor Spanning
Steel
Height
Architectural
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flag poles or other functional-technical equipment. This measurement is the most widely utilized and is employed to define the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) rankings of the "World's Tallest Buildings."
219.4 m / 720 ft
To Tip
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest point of the building, irrespective of material or function of the highest element (i.e., including antennae, flagpoles, signage and other functional-technical equipment).
219.4 m / 720 ft
Occupied
Height is measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the highest occupied floor within the building.
206.2 m / 677 ft
Helipad
Height, measured from the level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance, to the building's helipad.
219.4 m / 720 ft
Floors Above Ground
The number of floors above ground should include the ground floor level and be the number of main floors above ground, including any significant mezzanine floors and major mechanical plant floors. Mechanical mezzanines should not be included if they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Similarly, mechanical penthouses or plant rooms protruding above the general roof area should not be counted. Note: CTBUH floor counts may differ from published accounts, as it is common in some regions of the world for certain floor levels not to be included (e.g., the level 4, 14, 24, etc. in Hong Kong).
49
Floors Below Ground
The number of floors below ground should include all major floors located below the ground floor level.
3
# of Parking Spaces
Number of Parking Spaces refers to the total number of car parking spaces contained within a particular building.
918
# of Elevators
Number of Elevators refers to the total number of elevator cars (not shafts) contained within a particular building (including public, private and freight elevators).
16
Top Elevator Speed
Top Elevator Speed refers to the top speed capable of being achieved by an elevator within a particular building, measured in meters per second.
6 m/s
Tower GFA
Tower GFA refers to the total gross floor area within the tower footprint, not including adjoining podiums, connected buildings or other towers within the development.
83,066 m² / 894,115 ft²
Rankings
-
By function
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-
By material
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#
998
Tallest in the World
#
8
Tallest in
Xiamen
#
454
Tallest Office Building in the World
#
280
Tallest Office Building in
Asia
#
4
Tallest Office Building in
Xiamen
#
365
Tallest Composite Building in the World
#
300
Tallest Composite Building in
Asia
#
5
Tallest Composite Building in
Xiamen
Construction Schedule
Architect
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Architect of Record
Usually takes on the balance of the architectural effort not executed by the "Design Architect," typically responsible for the construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc. May often be referred to as "Executive," "Associate," or "Local" Architect, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Architect of Record" exclusively.
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Interiors
Landscape
You must be a CTBUH Member to view this resource.
Owner/Developer
Xiamen C&D Corporation Limited
Architect
Design
Usually involved in the front end design, with a "typical" condition being that of a leadership role through either Schematic Design or Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Architect of Record
Usually takes on the balance of the architectural effort not executed by the "Design Architect," typically responsible for the construction documents, conforming to local codes, etc. May often be referred to as "Executive," "Associate," or "Local" Architect, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Architect of Record" exclusively.
Structural Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
MEP Engineer
Design
The Design Engineer is usually involved in the front end design, typically taking the leadership role in the Schematic Design and Design Development, and then a monitoring role through the CD and CA phases.
Project Manager
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
The CTBUH lists a project manager when a specific firm has been commissioned to oversee this aspect of a tall building’s design/construction. When the project management efforts are handled by the developer, main contract, or architect, this field will be omitted.
C&D Real Estate Co., Ltd
Main Contractor
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
The main contractor is the supervisory contractor of all construction work on a project, management of sub-contractors and vendors, etc. May be referred to as "Construction Manager," however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Main Contractor" exclusively.
China Construction Third Engineering Bureau Co., Ltd.
Other Consultant
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Other Consultant refers to other organizations which provided significant consultation services for a building project (e.g. wind consultants, environmental consultants, fire and life safety consultants, etc).
Façade
These are firms that consult on the design of a building's façade. May often be referred to as "Cladding," "Envelope," "Exterior Wall," or "Curtain Wall" Consultant, however, for consistency CTBUH uses the term "Façade Consultant" exclusively.
Interiors
Landscape
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building Asia & Australasia 2013 Award of Excellence
2013 CTBUH Awards
CTBUH Initiatives
C&D International Tower Chosen as Featured Building
15 December 2013 - Featured Building
Videos
07 November 2013 | Xiamen
Best Tall Building Featured Finalist: C&D International Tower: Piercing the Xiamen Skyline
The C&D International Tower achieves a compelling presence on the skyline while affording ample accommodation at the ground level. Designers executed a clear strategy around...
About C&D International Tower
The C&D complex sits on the most prominent location of the future central business district of Xiamen. Situated immediately in front of the coastline, the complex enjoys a direct connection with the seashore. The building masses are arranged in an open block formation, revealing views to the sea for the sites beyond, and forming a pedestrian network between the building masses. The sunken retail arcade opens up to a central plaza surrounded by the buildings, bringing in natural light and ventilation to the vast underground pedestrian network which connects to nearby commercial activities, while helping pedestrians reach the promenade along the coastline. This multi-level pedestrian network also acts as main axis of the site, dividing the 200-meter-long site into more easily accessible zones.
The complex consists of a 49-story main office tower, a seven-story podium shopping mall connected with a link to the tower at its upper floors, and two freestanding store buildings. The office tower will be the headquarters of the C&D Group, a shipbuilding company and the largest enterprise in Fujian province.
The iconic building form represents the enterprise with efficient internal spaces as the first priority in the design consideration. The architectural design of the main tower breaks from the tradition of regular rectangular forms. By tapering at both ends the tower’s sculptural form is exaggerated while creating more open space at the ground floor in the tight rectilinear site. The multifaceted elevations also break down the mass of the skyscraper volume, harmonizing its relationship with the attached shopping mall form. The striking sculptural geometry of the tower is realized without compromising regular floor plans, as the core walls are angled in plan to be parallel to the angles of the façade.
A passive solar design principle was adopted as the main strategy throughout the building design process. The project site is rectangular in shape, with its long edges running north to south, thus exposing most of the building façade to the east and west sunlight.
The east- and west-facing façades of the tower and podium are equipped with vertical fins to help shade the building from direct sunlight. All insulated glass unit (IGU) panels are low-E-coated to minimize energy loss for the interior space while allowing maximum natural daylight penetration. Operable windows provide natural ventilation and limit dependence on mechanical air-conditioning. Clear floor to ceiling height was maximized to allow optimal daylight penetration deep into the floor plate. These moves helped earn the building LEED Gold certification.
CTBUH Awards & Distinctions
Best Tall Building Asia & Australasia 2013 Award of Excellence
2013 CTBUH Awards
Videos
07 November 2013 | Xiamen
Best Tall Building Featured Finalist: C&D International Tower: Piercing the Xiamen Skyline
The C&D International Tower achieves a compelling presence on the skyline while affording ample accommodation at the ground level. Designers executed a clear strategy around...
07 November 2013 | Xiamen
Interview: C&D International Tower
Roy Liu discusses the C&D International Tower, one of the Best Tall Building Featured Finalist. During the interview Roy talks about the area in which...
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