Bonn

Germany

Facts

Density

0 people per km²

0 people per mi²

# of 150m+ buildings

1 Completed • 0 Under Construction

First 150m+ Building

Post Turm (2002)

Tallest Building

Post Turm (162 m)

Most Common Function*

Office (100%)

Most Common Material*

Composite (100%)

Rankings

by no. of 150m+ completed buildings

#

234

Tallest City in

the World
#

21

Tallest City in

Europe
#

2

Tallest City in

Germany

Buildings

CTBUH People & Events

Werner Sobek Presents on Engineering High-Rises for Sustainable Cities

11 June 2013

Videos

06 November 2014

Tall Building 10 Year Award: Of Split Volumes and Double Skins: The Post Tower

Deutsche Post DHL’s Bonn headquarters is an expression of the company’s confidence in progress and in technology to improve the work environment. The architect’s aim...

View all

Research

29 July 2019

Wind Effects on Permeable Tall Building Envelopes: Issues and Potentialities

A comprehensive conclusion about the effects of wind on permeable building envelopes (PBEs) remains elusive. The external layer permeability, the gap width, and the internal...

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Research

17 October 2016

Megacities: Setting the Scene

The rise of the megacity presents unprecedented opportunities to understand the human urbanization phenomenon, and to observe the effects of multicore, polycentric cities growing together...

View all
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        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        buildings
        9
        allBuildingStatuses
        10
        buildings_150
        11
        showFactsSection
        12
        tallestBuilding
        13
        rankingWorld
        14
        rankingRegion
        15
        rankingCountry
        16
        firstSkyscraper
        17
        statuses
        18
        timelineYears
        19
        minHeight
        20
        maxHeight
        21
        timelineMinYear
        22
        members
        23
        memberLevels
        24
        filter_values
        25
        fields
        26
        committeeTitles
        27
        initiatives
        28
        news
        29
        videos
        30
        videoCategories
        31
        research
        32
        tabsData
        33
        accessLevel
        34
        filteredBuildings
        35
        data
        36
        alreadyConsentedWithCookies
        37
        cookieConsentConfig
      uri
      GET city/{slug}
      middleware
      web
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\CityController@display
      namespace
      App\Http\Controllers
      prefix
      where
      as
      city-home
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:19-246
      35 statements were executed, 3 of which were duplicated, 32 unique845ms
      buldingdb
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `slug` = 'bonn' limit 17.76ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. bonn
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` in (41)1.4ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_regions` where `v2_regions`.`id` in (1)1.15ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = '1' and `structure_type` = 'building' and (`linked_building_status` is null or `linked_building_status` not in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT')) and `ctbuh_building`.`city_id` in (846) and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null order by `height_architecture` desc, `floors_above` desc, `name_intl` asc217ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. building
        • 2. COM
        • 3. UC
        • 4. STO
        • 5. UCT
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `v2_cities`.`id` in (846)1.43ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 26. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_initiatives`.*, `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` as `pivot_initiative_id` from `v2_initiatives` inner join `v2_city_initiative` on `v2_initiatives`.`id` = `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` where `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` in (846) order by `start_date` desc2.58ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_resources`.*, `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` as `pivot_resource_id` from `v2_resources` inner join `v2_city_resource` on `v2_resources`.`id` = `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` where `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` in (846) order by `type` asc, `date` desc2.62ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_people` where `v2_people`.`city_id` in (846)2.97ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_members`.*, `v2_city_member`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_member`.`member_id` as `pivot_member_id`, `v2_city_member`.`headquarters` as `pivot_headquarters`, `v2_city_member`.`contact` as `pivot_contact` from `v2_members` inner join `v2_city_member` on `v2_members`.`id` = `v2_city_member`.`member_id` where `v2_city_member`.`city_id` = 846 and `level` > 0 and `v2_members`.`deleted_at` is null order by `level` asc, `name` asc1.76ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 846
        • 1. 0
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'4.93ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_subcategories` where `type` = 'Video' and `id` = 35 limit 13.33ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        • 1. 35
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'2.33ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_subcategories` where `type` = 'Video' and `id` = 32 limit 11.95ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        • 1. 32
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'1.61ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_subcategories` where `type` = 'Video' and `id` = 20 limit 11.28ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        • 1. 20
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select `v2_people`.*, `v2_city_person`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_person`.`person_id` as `pivot_person_id`, `v2_city_person`.`year_start` as `pivot_year_start`, `v2_city_person`.`year_end` as `pivot_year_end`, `v2_city_person`.`title` as `pivot_title`, `v2_city_person`.`display_order` as `pivot_display_order` from `v2_people` inner join `v2_city_person` on `v2_people`.`id` = `v2_city_person`.`person_id` where `v2_city_person`.`city_id` = 846 order by `pivot_year_end` asc, `display_order` asc, `title` asc, `last_name` asc1.88ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 846
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `global_news_posts` where `global_news_posts`.`city_id` = 846 and `global_news_posts`.`city_id` is not null and `published_at` < '2025-04-18 09:21:37' and `deleted_at` is null order by `published_at` desc1.54ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 846
        • 1. 2025-04-18 09:21:37
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` = 41 limit 11.36ms/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423
        • 22. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:950
        • 23. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • SELECT id, name_intl, height_architecture FROM ctbuh_building b WHERE b.active = 1 AND b.structure_type = 'building' AND b.status IN('COM') AND b.height_architecture >= 150 AND b.city_id = '846' ORDER BY height_architecture DESC LIMIT 141.23ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:52
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT num_buildings_150 AS num_buildings, code AS city_locode, id FROM v2_cities ORDER BY num_buildings DESC, name13.1ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:66
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT num_buildings_150 AS num_buildings, code AS city_locode, id FROM v2_cities WHERE country_id = '41' ORDER BY num_buildings DESC, name1.6ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:103
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT ROUND(AVG(Year(CURDATE()) - completed), 0) AS age FROM ctbuh_building WHERE active = 1 AND structure_type = 'building' AND city_id = '846' AND completed != 0 AND status IN('COM') AND height_architecture >= 150100ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:147
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • select * from `v2_fields` order by `id` asc6.26ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:202buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:202
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v3_images`.*, `v3_city_image`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v3_city_image`.`image_id` as `pivot_image_id`, `v3_city_image`.`position` as `pivot_position`, `v3_city_image`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `v3_city_image`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `v3_images` inner join `v3_city_image` on `v3_images`.`id` = `v3_city_image`.`image_id` where `v3_city_image`.`city_id` = 846 order by `position` asc3.25msview::cities.tabs.overview:9buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 846
        Backtrace
        • 19. view::cities.tabs.overview:9
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 22. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:126
      • select `main_use_01`, `main_use_02` from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = 1 and (`linked_building_status` != 'Renovated' or `linked_building_status` is null) and `structure_type` = 'building' and `status` in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT') and `height_architecture` >= 150 and `city_id` = 846 and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null224ms/app/Domain/CityFacts.php:71buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. Renovated
        • 2. building
        • 3. COM
        • 4. UC
        • 5. STO
        • 6. UCT
        • 7. 150
        • 8. 846
        Hints
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:71
        • 15. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:104
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • select `structural_material` from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = 1 and (`linked_building_status` != 'Renovated' or `linked_building_status` is null) and `structure_type` = 'building' and `status` in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT') and `height_architecture` >= 150 and `city_id` = 846 and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null184ms/app/Domain/CityFacts.php:116buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. Renovated
        • 2. building
        • 3. COM
        • 4. UC
        • 5. STO
        • 6. UCT
        • 7. 150
        • 8. 846
        Hints
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:116
        • 15. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:149
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `parent_id` is null1.32ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:17buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/NavMenuItem.php:17
        • 15. /app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php:60
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:124
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:91
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 27 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.37ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `pages` where `pages`.`id` = 88 limit 11.39ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:97buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 88
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:97
        • 21. /app/NavMenuItem.php:78
        • 22. /app/NavMenuItem.php:89
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        Backtrace
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        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 4 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.17ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 3 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.34ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
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        • 0. 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 29 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.46ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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