Rome

Italy

Research

27 April 2012

Debating Tall: Is UNESCO Going Too Far?

Paul Finch, Architectural Review and UK Design Council; Marie-Noel Tournoux & Patricia Alberth, UNESCO World Heritage Centre

Controversy has erupted over development proposals in London and Liverpool in the UK, which UNESCO says will damage views of World Heritage sites. Critics counter...

01 February 2011

The Origin of the Skyscraper

Gerard Peet, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, The Netherlands

The modern skyscraper is generally considered to be an American invention. Chicago and New York claim they once hosted the world's first skyscraper and many...

We use cookies to improve your experience on our website. Review our Privacy Policy for more information.
MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews18RouteQueries22Models57MailsGateSessionRequest
7.3.33PHP Version438msRequest Duration9MBMemory UsageGET city/{slug}/researchRoute
    • Booting (7ms)
    • Application (431ms)
    • 1 x Application (98.38%)
      430.95ms
      1 x Booting (1.6%)
      7.00ms
      18 templates were rendered
      • cities.tabs.research (resources/views/cities/tabs/research.blade.php)5blade
        Params
        0
        geo
        1
        title
        2
        research
        3
        tabsData
        4
        accessLevel
      • buildings.partials.research (resources/views/buildings/partials/research.blade.php)12blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
      • buildings.partials.elements.research-list (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/research-list.blade.php)16blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
        12
        __currentLoopData
        13
        paper
        14
        index
        15
        loop
      • buildings.partials.elements.research-list (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/research-list.blade.php)16blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
        12
        __currentLoopData
        13
        paper
        14
        index
        15
        loop
      • buildings.partials.elements.research-grid (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/research-grid.blade.php)16blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
        12
        __currentLoopData
        13
        paper
        14
        index
        15
        loop
      • buildings.partials.elements.research-grid (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/research-grid.blade.php)16blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
        12
        __currentLoopData
        13
        paper
        14
        index
        15
        loop
      • buildings.partials.elements.pagination (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/pagination.blade.php)18blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        papers
        12
        __currentLoopData
        13
        paper
        14
        index
        15
        loop
        16
        entities
        17
        elementsToShow
      • cities.layout (resources/views/cities/layout.blade.php)11blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
      • cities.partials.mobile-nav (resources/views/cities/partials/mobile-nav.blade.php)11blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
      • cities.partials.mobile-nav (resources/views/cities/partials/mobile-nav.blade.php)11blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
      • layouts.SSC (resources/views/layouts/SSC.blade.php)11blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
      • common.header (resources/views/common/header.blade.php)13blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
        12
        nav
      • common.algoliaSearch (resources/views/common/algoliaSearch.php)13php
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
        12
        nav
      • common.algoliaSearch (resources/views/common/algoliaSearch.php)17php
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
        12
        nav
        13
        __currentLoopData
        14
        item
        15
        loop
        16
        child
      • common.footer (resources/views/common/footer.blade.php)12blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
      • common.footer-call-to-subscribe (resources/views/common/footer-call-to-subscribe.blade.php)12blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
      • cookieConsent::index (vendor/spatie/laravel-cookie-consent/resources/views/index.blade.php)14blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
        12
        alreadyConsentedWithCookies
        13
        cookieConsentConfig
      • cookieConsent::dialogContents (vendor/spatie/laravel-cookie-consent/resources/views/dialogContents.blade.php)14blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        research
        9
        tabsData
        10
        accessLevel
        11
        data
        12
        alreadyConsentedWithCookies
        13
        cookieConsentConfig
      uri
      GET city/{slug}/research
      middleware
      web
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\CityController@research
      namespace
      App\Http\Controllers
      prefix
      where
      as
      city-research
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:696-721
      22 statements were executed402ms
      buldingdb
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `slug` = 'rome' limit 18.25ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. rome
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` in (79)1.25ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_regions` where `v2_regions`.`id` in (1)1.16ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = '1' and `structure_type` = 'building' and (`linked_building_status` is null or `linked_building_status` not in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT')) and `ctbuh_building`.`city_id` in (1024) and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null order by `height_architecture` desc, `floors_above` desc, `name_intl` asc364ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. building
        • 2. COM
        • 3. UC
        • 4. STO
        • 5. UCT
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `v2_cities`.`id` in (1024)1.32ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 26. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_initiatives`.*, `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` as `pivot_initiative_id` from `v2_initiatives` inner join `v2_city_initiative` on `v2_initiatives`.`id` = `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` where `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` in (1024) order by `start_date` desc1.63ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_resources`.*, `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` as `pivot_resource_id` from `v2_resources` inner join `v2_city_resource` on `v2_resources`.`id` = `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` where `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` in (1024) order by `type` asc, `date` desc2.53ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_people` where `v2_people`.`city_id` in (1024)1.92ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_roles`.*, `v2_person_role`.`person_id` as `pivot_person_id`, `v2_person_role`.`role_id` as `pivot_role_id`, `v2_person_role`.`year_start` as `pivot_year_start`, `v2_person_role`.`year_end` as `pivot_year_end`, `v2_person_role`.`title` as `pivot_title`, `v2_person_role`.`link` as `pivot_link`, `v2_person_role`.`display_order` as `pivot_display_order`, `v2_person_role`.`hide_in_lists` as `pivot_hide_in_lists` from `v2_roles` inner join `v2_person_role` on `v2_roles`.`id` = `v2_person_role`.`role_id` where `v2_person_role`.`person_id` in (1353, 6813) order by `display_order` asc, `name` asc, `pivot_title` asc, `pivot_year_start` asc1.36ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 25. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:706
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_members`.*, `v2_city_member`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_member`.`member_id` as `pivot_member_id`, `v2_city_member`.`headquarters` as `pivot_headquarters`, `v2_city_member`.`contact` as `pivot_contact` from `v2_members` inner join `v2_city_member` on `v2_members`.`id` = `v2_city_member`.`member_id` where `v2_city_member`.`city_id` = 1024 and `level` > 0 and `v2_members`.`deleted_at` is null order by `level` asc, `name` asc1.88ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1024
        • 1. 0
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:708
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select `v2_people`.*, `v2_city_person`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_person`.`person_id` as `pivot_person_id`, `v2_city_person`.`year_start` as `pivot_year_start`, `v2_city_person`.`year_end` as `pivot_year_end`, `v2_city_person`.`title` as `pivot_title`, `v2_city_person`.`display_order` as `pivot_display_order` from `v2_people` inner join `v2_city_person` on `v2_people`.`id` = `v2_city_person`.`person_id` where `v2_city_person`.`city_id` = 1024 order by `pivot_year_end` asc, `display_order` asc, `title` asc, `last_name` asc1.86ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1024
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:708
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `global_news_posts` where `global_news_posts`.`city_id` = 1024 and `global_news_posts`.`city_id` is not null and `published_at` < '2025-04-21 04:38:10' and `deleted_at` is null order by `published_at` desc1.41ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1024
        • 1. 2025-04-21 04:38:10
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:708
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` = 79 limit 11.24ms/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 79
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423
        • 22. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:950
        • 23. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:708
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `parent_id` is null1.3ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:17buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/NavMenuItem.php:17
        • 15. /app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php:60
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:124
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:91
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 27 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.37ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 27
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `pages` where `pages`.`id` = 88 limit 11.61ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:97buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 88
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:97
        • 21. /app/NavMenuItem.php:78
        • 22. /app/NavMenuItem.php:89
        • 23. view::common.header:91
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 28 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.37ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 28
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 2 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.36ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 4 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.39ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 4
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 3 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.28ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 29 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.33ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 29
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 1 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.17ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      App\Page
      1
      App\NavMenuItem
      36
      App\Person
      2
      App\Building
      13
      App\Region
      1
      App\Country
      2
      App\City
      2
          _token
          EW4udiEkHpTh93pDyv1uuS7RUd9s6l5cQFJDhw3T
          _previous
          array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/city/rome/research" ]
          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /city/rome/research
          status_code
          200
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:17 [▶
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  ]
  "content-length" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
]
          request_server
            0 of 0   
          array:40 [▶
  "USER" => "forge"
  "HOME" => "/home/forge"
  "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows""
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
  "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_HOST" => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200"
  "HTTPS" => "on"
  "SERVER_NAME" => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  "SERVER_PORT" => "443"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "10.0.0.44"
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "53136"
  "REMOTE_ADDR" => "13.59.55.237"
  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "nginx/1.18.0"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/2.0"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/forge/staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/public"
  "DOCUMENT_URI" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_URI" => "/city/rome/research"
  "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/index.php"
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/forge/staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/public/index.php"
  "CONTENT_LENGTH" => ""
  "CONTENT_TYPE" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER"
  "PHP_SELF" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1745210290.2352
  "REQUEST_TIME" => 1745210290
]
          request_cookies
          []
          response_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:5 [▶
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache, private"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mon, 21 Apr 2025 04:38:10 GMT"
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVlWlFiTTgzMFZidHdreTRzOUpaU1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlBVbGJ4eHg4MGNBMUpJNFBhbzRLb09ZXC9EdzA4c1J5MDBnNlBFYTFEeVRrMVJXNEN6NCtGdmo0MUlhMVFldHhvTUlaNUJFVHpKSWkxb0ZzVHFGdnJhNE92aWlMMmkwQUZlSmphMjR5RWJsV3lRNERzdktGQ3JqMFd6Vks3VE5sIiwibWFjIjoiNDZlMDM2YmIyYjk4NzQ4MGFhYWI4OWEwYjY1YjcwMGQyOGY5MDg2YWI5OTZmYTZlMmJkZjFiODNiZGM1YjcwMyJ9; expires=Mon, 21-Apr-2025 06:38:10 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVlWlFiTTgzMFZidHdreTRzOUpaU1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlBVbGJ4eHg4MGNBMUpJNFBhbzRLb09ZXC9EdzA4c1J5MDBnNlBFYTFEeVRrMVJXNEN6NCtGdmo0MUlhMVFldHhvTUlaN ▶"
    1 => "skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IkdYZWRaSGxGQkMxd291dEVzSFh0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXhtMGlrZE45YkQ4eWZlQitjWG93blhHc1BFbU9Mbm9Bbm9WcnVxTmhoS0NCaUJsQ1RNcjJ6S1lBeG1cL3FsbzQyYnpHdWRnRGs1SURUcmtsNE5IVjVqZFwvaWhlbm5CXC92TWh4VkhCYUt0OUtzamxCUEVCWEs2c2pVd2laam5WRXkiLCJtYWMiOiIyMjc5ODI2N2U0ZjZiYzI0OTVmZGVjZjRjNDgyNzAyMjBkMmQzYzRmNDQwNTBkOWZiN2EyMjBhOGJlODNlNGQxIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 21-Apr-2025 06:38:10 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly ◀skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IkdYZWRaSGxGQkMxd291dEVzSFh0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXhtMGlrZE45YkQ4eWZlQitjWG93blhHc1BFbU9Mbm9Bbm9WcnVxTmhoS0NCaUJsQ1RNcjJ6S1lBeG ▶"
    2 => "visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ik1aelllTWxxWDFvWTJ6OFFWUEZoVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieURFS3VrblVhYVIxcGtnSWRhVDlWczB0c1dpNWU0MVwvRzBoNVdpNDhYWUR1T3NJdUU1UFQ3cWw3UWdWNk1QOG4iLCJtYWMiOiI1NGMzZjAzZmIzNjZhYjFkYTNiOTIxZTk4ZGNjMGQ4ZDY1MzVkNDE3Yzg5YjhjOTZlZmY0ZTI5NjNjNWFiNTQ4In0%3D; expires=Wed, 21-May-2025 04:38:10 GMT; Max-Age=2592000; path=/; httponly ◀visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ik1aelllTWxxWDFvWTJ6OFFWUEZoVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieURFS3VrblVhYVIxcGtnSWRhVDlWczB0c1dpNWU0MVwvRzBoNVdpNDhYWUR1T3NJdUU1UFQ3cWw3UWdWNk1QOG4iLC ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVlWlFiTTgzMFZidHdreTRzOUpaU1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlBVbGJ4eHg4MGNBMUpJNFBhbzRLb09ZXC9EdzA4c1J5MDBnNlBFYTFEeVRrMVJXNEN6NCtGdmo0MUlhMVFldHhvTUlaNUJFVHpKSWkxb0ZzVHFGdnJhNE92aWlMMmkwQUZlSmphMjR5RWJsV3lRNERzdktGQ3JqMFd6Vks3VE5sIiwibWFjIjoiNDZlMDM2YmIyYjk4NzQ4MGFhYWI4OWEwYjY1YjcwMGQyOGY5MDg2YWI5OTZmYTZlMmJkZjFiODNiZGM1YjcwMyJ9; expires=Mon, 21-Apr-2025 06:38:10 GMT; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVlWlFiTTgzMFZidHdreTRzOUpaU1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYlBVbGJ4eHg4MGNBMUpJNFBhbzRLb09ZXC9EdzA4c1J5MDBnNlBFYTFEeVRrMVJXNEN6NCtGdmo0MUlhMVFldHhvTUlaN ▶"
    1 => "skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IkdYZWRaSGxGQkMxd291dEVzSFh0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXhtMGlrZE45YkQ4eWZlQitjWG93blhHc1BFbU9Mbm9Bbm9WcnVxTmhoS0NCaUJsQ1RNcjJ6S1lBeG1cL3FsbzQyYnpHdWRnRGs1SURUcmtsNE5IVjVqZFwvaWhlbm5CXC92TWh4VkhCYUt0OUtzamxCUEVCWEs2c2pVd2laam5WRXkiLCJtYWMiOiIyMjc5ODI2N2U0ZjZiYzI0OTVmZGVjZjRjNDgyNzAyMjBkMmQzYzRmNDQwNTBkOWZiN2EyMjBhOGJlODNlNGQxIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 21-Apr-2025 06:38:10 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IkdYZWRaSGxGQkMxd291dEVzSFh0c2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNXhtMGlrZE45YkQ4eWZlQitjWG93blhHc1BFbU9Mbm9Bbm9WcnVxTmhoS0NCaUJsQ1RNcjJ6S1lBeG ▶"
    2 => "visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ik1aelllTWxxWDFvWTJ6OFFWUEZoVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieURFS3VrblVhYVIxcGtnSWRhVDlWczB0c1dpNWU0MVwvRzBoNVdpNDhYWUR1T3NJdUU1UFQ3cWw3UWdWNk1QOG4iLCJtYWMiOiI1NGMzZjAzZmIzNjZhYjFkYTNiOTIxZTk4ZGNjMGQ4ZDY1MzVkNDE3Yzg5YjhjOTZlZmY0ZTI5NjNjNWFiNTQ4In0%3D; expires=Wed, 21-May-2025 04:38:10 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ik1aelllTWxxWDFvWTJ6OFFWUEZoVHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieURFS3VrblVhYVIxcGtnSWRhVDlWczB0c1dpNWU0MVwvRzBoNVdpNDhYWUR1T3NJdUU1UFQ3cWw3UWdWNk1QOG4iLC ▶"
  ]
]
          session_attributes
            0 of 0   
          array:4 [▶
  "_token" => "EW4udiEkHpTh93pDyv1uuS7RUd9s6l5cQFJDhw3T"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/city/rome/research"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
  "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => []
]