Busan

South Korea

Facts

Population

Source: Dynamic Busan: Busan Metropolitan City

3,590,101 (2012)

Area

767 km²

296 mi²

Density

4680.7 people per km²

12123 people per mi²

# of 150m+ buildings

62 Completed • 12 Under Construction

First 150m+ Building

Lotte Hotel Busan (1997)

Tallest Building

LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower (412 m)

Most Common Function*

Residential (89%)

Most Common Material*

Concrete (95%)

Rankings

by no. of 150m+ completed buildings

#

19

Tallest City in

the World
#

15

Tallest City in

Asia
#

2

Tallest City in

South Korea

Buildings

CTBUH People & Events

2018 China-Korea-Japan Tall Building Forum

15 June 2018

Vertical Transportation: Ascent & Acceleration

12 September 2017

Videos

27 October 2015

SKYSCRAPER Driven From Inside Out Towards Nature

An essential element of skyscraper architecture lies in its adaptability to an existing environment. For its massiveness in height and size, a skyscraper, while becoming...

View all

Research

12 December 2018

Year in Review: Tall Trends of 2018

The astronomical growth in tall building construction observed over the past decade continued in 2018, though the total number of completed buildings of 200 meters’...

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Research

17 October 2016

Structural Design Considerations and Challenges for Busan’s Haeundae Resort Complex

In the early twentieth century, many countries were obsessed with high-rise buildings taller than 100 stories, and Korea was swept up in the challenge to...

View all
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        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        buildings
        9
        allBuildingStatuses
        10
        buildings_150
        11
        showFactsSection
        12
        tallestBuilding
        13
        rankingWorld
        14
        rankingRegion
        15
        rankingCountry
        16
        firstSkyscraper
        17
        statuses
        18
        timelineYears
        19
        minHeight
        20
        maxHeight
        21
        timelineMinYear
        22
        members
        23
        memberLevels
        24
        filter_values
        25
        fields
        26
        committeeTitles
        27
        initiatives
        28
        news
        29
        videos
        30
        videoCategories
        31
        research
        32
        tabsData
        33
        accessLevel
        34
        filteredBuildings
        35
        data
        36
        alreadyConsentedWithCookies
        37
        cookieConsentConfig
      • cookieConsent::dialogContents (vendor/spatie/laravel-cookie-consent/resources/views/dialogContents.blade.php)38blade
        Params
        0
        obLevel
        1
        __env
        2
        app
        3
        errors
        4
        lucky_50
        5
        dateFormats
        6
        geo
        7
        title
        8
        buildings
        9
        allBuildingStatuses
        10
        buildings_150
        11
        showFactsSection
        12
        tallestBuilding
        13
        rankingWorld
        14
        rankingRegion
        15
        rankingCountry
        16
        firstSkyscraper
        17
        statuses
        18
        timelineYears
        19
        minHeight
        20
        maxHeight
        21
        timelineMinYear
        22
        members
        23
        memberLevels
        24
        filter_values
        25
        fields
        26
        committeeTitles
        27
        initiatives
        28
        news
        29
        videos
        30
        videoCategories
        31
        research
        32
        tabsData
        33
        accessLevel
        34
        filteredBuildings
        35
        data
        36
        alreadyConsentedWithCookies
        37
        cookieConsentConfig
      uri
      GET city/{slug}
      middleware
      web
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\CityController@display
      namespace
      App\Http\Controllers
      prefix
      where
      as
      city-home
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:19-246
      36 statements were executed, 3 of which were duplicated, 33 unique669ms
      buldingdb
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `slug` = 'busan' limit 18.72ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. busan
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` in (85)1.28ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_regions` where `v2_regions`.`id` in (7)1.14ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = '1' and `structure_type` = 'building' and (`linked_building_status` is null or `linked_building_status` not in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT')) and `ctbuh_building`.`city_id` in (1071) and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null order by `height_architecture` desc, `floors_above` desc, `name_intl` asc222ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. building
        • 2. COM
        • 3. UC
        • 4. STO
        • 5. UCT
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `v2_cities`.`id` in (1071)5.42ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 26. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_initiatives`.*, `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` as `pivot_initiative_id` from `v2_initiatives` inner join `v2_city_initiative` on `v2_initiatives`.`id` = `v2_city_initiative`.`initiative_id` where `v2_city_initiative`.`city_id` in (1071) order by `start_date` desc2.16ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_cities` where `v2_cities`.`id` in (1071, 1539)1.55ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 25. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_resources`.*, `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` as `pivot_resource_id` from `v2_resources` inner join `v2_city_resource` on `v2_resources`.`id` = `v2_city_resource`.`resource_id` where `v2_city_resource`.`city_id` in (1071) order by `type` asc, `date` desc4.44ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select * from `v2_people` where `v2_people`.`city_id` in (1071)2.23ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_roles`.*, `v2_person_role`.`person_id` as `pivot_person_id`, `v2_person_role`.`role_id` as `pivot_role_id`, `v2_person_role`.`year_start` as `pivot_year_start`, `v2_person_role`.`year_end` as `pivot_year_end`, `v2_person_role`.`title` as `pivot_title`, `v2_person_role`.`link` as `pivot_link`, `v2_person_role`.`display_order` as `pivot_display_order`, `v2_person_role`.`hide_in_lists` as `pivot_hide_in_lists` from `v2_roles` inner join `v2_person_role` on `v2_roles`.`id` = `v2_person_role`.`role_id` where `v2_person_role`.`person_id` in (3493) order by `display_order` asc, `name` asc, `pivot_title` asc, `pivot_year_start` asc1.47ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 25. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:29
        • 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v2_members`.*, `v2_city_member`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_member`.`member_id` as `pivot_member_id`, `v2_city_member`.`headquarters` as `pivot_headquarters`, `v2_city_member`.`contact` as `pivot_contact` from `v2_members` inner join `v2_city_member` on `v2_members`.`id` = `v2_city_member`.`member_id` where `v2_city_member`.`city_id` = 1071 and `level` > 0 and `v2_members`.`deleted_at` is null order by `level` asc, `name` asc1.85ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1071
        • 1. 0
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:756
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'1.29ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'1.22ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_subcategories` where `type` = 'Video' and `id` = 36 limit 11.47ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        • 1. 36
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_categories` where `type` = 'Video'1.61ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 12. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:794
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 14. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_resource_subcategories` where `type` = 'Video' and `id` = 24 limit 11.43ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. Video
        • 1. 24
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 13. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:803
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select `v2_people`.*, `v2_city_person`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v2_city_person`.`person_id` as `pivot_person_id`, `v2_city_person`.`year_start` as `pivot_year_start`, `v2_city_person`.`year_end` as `pivot_year_end`, `v2_city_person`.`title` as `pivot_title`, `v2_city_person`.`display_order` as `pivot_display_order` from `v2_people` inner join `v2_city_person` on `v2_people`.`id` = `v2_city_person`.`person_id` where `v2_city_person`.`city_id` = 1071 order by `pivot_year_end` asc, `display_order` asc, `title` asc, `last_name` asc1.69ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1071
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:896
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `global_news_posts` where `global_news_posts`.`city_id` = 1071 and `global_news_posts`.`city_id` is not null and `published_at` < '2025-04-06 04:49:50' and `deleted_at` is null order by `published_at` desc1.4ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1071
        • 1. 2025-04-06 04:49:50
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:904
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
      • select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` = 85 limit 11.5ms/app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 85
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
        Backtrace
        • 21. /app/Http/Controllers/Controller.php:423
        • 22. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:950
        • 23. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:31
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
      • SELECT id, name_intl, height_architecture FROM ctbuh_building b WHERE b.active = 1 AND b.structure_type = 'building' AND b.status IN('COM') AND b.height_architecture >= 150 AND b.city_id = '1071' ORDER BY height_architecture DESC LIMIT 13.39ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:52
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT num_buildings_150 AS num_buildings, code AS city_locode, id FROM v2_cities ORDER BY num_buildings DESC, name12.7ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:66
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT num_buildings_150 AS num_buildings, code AS city_locode, id FROM v2_cities WHERE country_id = '85' ORDER BY num_buildings DESC, name1.56ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:103
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • SELECT ROUND(AVG(Year(CURDATE()) - completed), 0) AS age FROM ctbuh_building WHERE active = 1 AND structure_type = 'building' AND city_id = '1071' AND completed != 0 AND status IN('COM') AND height_architecture >= 15060ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • 9. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
        • 10. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:147
        • 11. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 12. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
      • select * from `v2_fields` order by `id` asc1.87ms/app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:202buldingdb
        Metadata
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/CityController.php:202
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
      • select `v3_images`.*, `v3_city_image`.`city_id` as `pivot_city_id`, `v3_city_image`.`image_id` as `pivot_image_id`, `v3_city_image`.`position` as `pivot_position`, `v3_city_image`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `v3_city_image`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `v3_images` inner join `v3_city_image` on `v3_images`.`id` = `v3_city_image`.`image_id` where `v3_city_image`.`city_id` = 1071 order by `position` asc4.73msview::cities.tabs.overview:9buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1071
        Backtrace
        • 19. view::cities.tabs.overview:9
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 22. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:126
      • select `main_use_01`, `main_use_02` from `ctbuh_building` where `active` = 1 and (`linked_building_status` != 'Renovated' or `linked_building_status` is null) and `structure_type` = 'building' and `status` in ('COM', 'UC', 'STO', 'UCT') and `height_architecture` >= 150 and `city_id` = 1071 and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null154ms/app/Domain/CityFacts.php:71buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 1
        • 1. Renovated
        • 2. building
        • 3. COM
        • 4. UC
        • 5. STO
        • 6. UCT
        • 7. 150
        • 8. 1071
        Hints
        • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:71
        • 15. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:104
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/CacheManager.php:378
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Facades/Facade.php:261
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        Hints
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        • 15. /app/Domain/CityFacts.php:149
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Cache/Repository.php:383
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        Metadata
        Hints
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        • 15. /app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php:60
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177
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        Backtrace
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        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:97
        • 21. /app/NavMenuItem.php:78
        • 22. /app/NavMenuItem.php:89
        • 23. view::common.header:91
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2
        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
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        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 3 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.7ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
        Bindings
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110
        • 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115
        • 21. view::common.header:85
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
      • select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 29 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc1.37ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb
        Metadata
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
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      App\Person
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