Tallest Buildings

Below are a number of pre-set lists of buildings in the CTBUH database. You can view detailed information on a building by clicking its name. View the seminal tall buildings CTBUH features as case studies. To create your own lists and outputs, use the Explore Data tool.

Please note that all heights shown in italics/red are estimated heights. These have been calculated based on known floor counts for the building, then extrapolated through analyzing typically hundreds of buildings of the same function on this database that do have confirmed heights. The user should be aware that non-standard building features, such as significant spires or raised entrances / podiums, may affect the accuracy of these estimations.

Rank	Name	City	Completion A Completed building must fulfill all the following criteria: Topped out structurally and architecturally Fully clad Open for business, or at least partially occupiable	Height The level of the lowest, significant, open-air, pedestrian entrance to the architectural top of the building, including spires, but not including antennae, signage, flagpoles or other functional-technical equipment.	Floors Includes all above-ground floors, including the ground floor itself, and significant mezzanine floors / major mechanical plant floors, unless they have a significantly smaller floor area than the major floors below. Mechanical penthouses or plant rooms above the general roof area are not counted.	Material Steel Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from steel. Note that a building of steel construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of steel beams is still considered a “steel” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure. Reinforced Concrete Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from concrete which has been cast in place and utilizes steel reinforcement bars. Precast Concrete Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning system are constructed from steel reinforced concrete which has been precast as individual components and assembled together on-site. Timber Both the main vertical/lateral structural elements and the floor spanning systems are constructed from timber. An all-timber structure may include the use of localized non-timber connections between timber elements. Note that a building of timber construction with a floor system of concrete planks or concrete slab on top of timber beams is still considered a “timber” structure as the concrete elements are not acting as the primary structure. Mixed-Structure Utilizes distinct systems, one on top of the other. For example, a steel/concrete indicates a steel structural system located on top of a concrete structural system, with the opposite true of concrete/steel. Composite A combination of two or more materials are used together in the main structural elements. Examples include buildings which utilize: steel columns with a floor system of reinforced concrete beams; a steel frame system with a concrete core; concrete-encased steel columns; concrete-filled steel tubes; a timber frame with a concrete core, etc. Where known, the CTBUH database breaks out the materials used in a composite building’s core, columns, and floor spanning separately.	Function A single-function tall building is defined as one where 85 percent or more of its total height is dedicated to a single function. A mixed-use tall building contains two or more functions, where each of the functions occupies a significant proportion of the tower’s total space. Support areas, such as car parks and mechanical plant space, do not constitute mixed-use functions. Functions are denoted on CTBUH “Tallest” lists in descending order (e.g., “hotel/office” indicates hotel function above office function).
1	Shanghai Tower	Shanghai	2015	632 m / 2,073 ft	128	composite	hotel / office
2	A Tall Building	Atlanta	2022	600 m / 1,969 ft	100	N/A	residential
3	Ping An Finance Center	Shenzhen	2017	599.1 m / 1,965 ft	115	composite	office
4	Lotte World Tower	Seoul	2017	554.5 m / 1,819 ft	123	composite	hotel / residential / office / retail
5	Aon Center	Chicago	1973	546.3 m / 1,792 ft	83	steel	office
6	Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre	Guangzhou	2016	530 m / 1,739 ft	111	composite	hotel / residential / office
6	Tianjin CTF Finance Centre	Tianjin	2019	530 m / 1,739 ft	97	composite	hotel / serviced apartments / office
8	CITIC Tower	Beijing	2018	527.7 m / 1,731 ft	109	composite	office
9	Makkah Royal Clock Tower	Mecca	2012	525 m / 1,722 ft Please note that this height is estimated, based on a floor count of 120 floors. The estimation has been arrived at by analyzing 324 other buildings of the same office / hotel function on this database that do have confirmed heights. The user should be aware that non-standard features, such as significant spires or raised entrances / podiums, may affect the accuracy of this estimation.	120	steel/concrete	office / hotel
10	TAIPEI 101	Taipei	2004	508 m / 1,667 ft	101	composite	office
11	Shanghai World Financial Center	Shanghai	2008	492 m / 1,614 ft	101	composite	hotel / office
12	International Commerce Centre	Hong Kong	2010	480 m / 1,575 ft	108	composite	hotel / office
13	Vincom Landmark 81	Ho Chi Minh City	2018	461.2 m / 1,513 ft	81	composite	hotel / residential
14	Changsha IFS Tower T1	Changsha	2018	452.1 m / 1,483 ft	94	composite	hotel / office
15	Petronas Twin Tower 2	Kuala Lumpur	1998	451.9 m / 1,483 ft	88	composite	office
16	Suzhou IFS	Suzhou	2019	450 m / 1,476 ft	95	composite	hotel / office / serviced apartments
16	Zifeng Tower	Nanjing	2010	450 m / 1,476 ft	66	composite	hotel / office
18	The Exchange 106	Kuala Lumpur	2019	445.1 m / 1,460 ft	95	composite	office
19	Willis Tower	Chicago	1974	442.1 m / 1,451 ft	108	steel	office
20	KK100	Shenzhen	2011	441.8 m / 1,449 ft	100	composite	hotel / office
21	Guangzhou International Finance Center	Guangzhou	2010	438.6 m / 1,439 ft	103	composite	hotel / office
22	Wuhan Center Tower	Wuhan	2019	438 m / 1,437 ft	88	composite	hotel / residential / office
23	432 Park Avenue	New York City	2015	425.7 m / 1,397 ft	85	concrete	residential
24	Marina 101	Dubai	2017	425 m / 1,394 ft	101	concrete	residential / hotel
25	Trump International Hotel & Tower	Chicago	2009	423.2 m / 1,389 ft	98	concrete	residential / hotel
26	Jin Mao Tower	Shanghai	1999	420.5 m / 1,380 ft	88	composite	hotel / office
27	Princess Tower	Dubai	2012	413.4 m / 1,356 ft	101	steel/concrete	residential
28	Al Hamra Tower	Kuwait City	2011	412.6 m / 1,354 ft	80	concrete	office
29	Two International Finance Centre	Hong Kong	2003	412 m / 1,352 ft	88	composite	office
30	LCT The Sharp Landmark Tower	Busan	2019	411.6 m / 1,350 ft	101	concrete	hotel / residential
31	China Resources Tower	Shenzhen	2018	392.5 m / 1,288 ft	68	composite	office
32	23 Marina	Dubai	2012	392.4 m / 1,287 ft	88	concrete	residential
33	CITIC Plaza	Guangzhou	1996	390.2 m / 1,280 ft	80	composite	office
34	30 Hudson Yards	New York City	2019	387.1 m / 1,270 ft	73	steel	office
35	Shun Hing Square	Shenzhen	1996	384 m / 1,260 ft	69	composite	office
36	Eton Place Dalian Tower 1	Dalian	2016	383.2 m / 1,257 ft	80	composite	hotel / office
37	Nanning Logan Century 1	Nanning	2018	381.3 m / 1,251 ft	82	composite	hotel / office
38	Burj Mohammed Bin Rashid	Abu Dhabi	2014	381.2 m / 1,251 ft	88	concrete	residential
39	Empire State Building	New York City	1931	381 m / 1,250 ft	102	steel	office
40	Elite Residence	Dubai	2012	380.5 m / 1,248 ft	87	concrete	residential
41	Lakhta Center	St. Petersburg	2019	377 m / 1,237 ft Please note that this height is estimated, based on a floor count of 87 floors. The estimation has been arrived at by analyzing 5,962 other buildings of the same office function on this database that do have confirmed heights. The user should be aware that non-standard features, such as significant spires or raised entrances / podiums, may affect the accuracy of this estimation.	87	composite	office
42	Central Plaza	Hong Kong	1992	373.9 m / 1,227 ft	78	concrete	office
43	Federation Tower	Moscow	2016	373.7 m / 1,226 ft	93	concrete	residential / office
44	Dalian International Trade Center	Dalian	2019	370.2 m / 1,214 ft	86	composite	residential / office
45	The Address Boulevard	Dubai	2017	370 m / 1,214 ft	73	concrete	residential / hotel / retail
46	Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower A	Nanjing	2019	368.1 m / 1,208 ft	76	composite	hotel / office
47	Bank of China Tower	Hong Kong	1990	367.4 m / 1,205 ft	72	composite	office
48	Bank of America Tower	New York City	2009	365.8 m / 1,200 ft	55	composite	office
49	Almas Tower	Dubai	2008	360 m / 1,181 ft	68	concrete	office
50	Hanking Center	Shenzhen	2018	358.9 m / 1,177 ft	65	composite	office
51	Gevora Hotel	Dubai	2017	356.3 m / 1,169 ft	75	steel/concrete	hotel
52	JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 1	Dubai	2012	355.4 m / 1,166 ft	82	concrete	hotel
52	JW Marriott Marquis Hotel Dubai Tower 2	Dubai	2013	355.4 m / 1,166 ft	82	concrete	hotel
54	Emirates Tower One	Dubai	2000	354.6 m / 1,163 ft	54	composite	office
55	Raffles City Chongqing T3N	Chongqing	2019	354.5 m / 1,163 ft	79	composite	residential / retail
55	Raffles City Chongqing T4N	Chongqing	2019	354.5 m / 1,163 ft	79	composite	hotel / office / retail
57	OKO - Residential Tower	Moscow	2015	354.2 m / 1,162 ft	90	concrete	residential / serviced apartments / hotel
58	The Torch	Dubai	2011	352 m / 1,155 ft	86	concrete	residential
59	Forum 66 Tower 1	Shenyang	2015	350.6 m / 1,150 ft	68	composite	hotel / office
60	The Pinnacle	Guangzhou	2012	350.3 m / 1,149 ft	60	concrete	office
61	Spring City 66	Kunming	2019	349 m / 1,145 ft	61	composite	office
62	85 Sky Tower	Kaohsiung	1997	347.5 m / 1,140 ft	85	steel	hotel / office / retail
63	Shimao Hunan Center	Changsha	2019	347 m / 1,138 ft	N/A	composite	office
64	The Center	Hong Kong	1998	346 m / 1,135 ft	73	steel	office
65	NEVA TOWERS 2	Moscow	2020	345 m / 1,132 ft	79	concrete	residential
66	875 North Michigan Avenue	Chicago	1969	343.7 m / 1,128 ft	100	steel	residential / office
67	Four Seasons Place	Kuala Lumpur	2018	342.5 m / 1,124 ft	74	concrete	residential / hotel
68	ADNOC Headquarters	Abu Dhabi	2015	342 m / 1,122 ft	65	concrete	office
69	One Shenzhen Bay Tower 7	Shenzhen	2018	341.4 m / 1,120 ft	71	composite	residential / hotel / office
70	LCT The Sharp Residential Tower A	Busan	2019	339.1 m / 1,113 ft	85	concrete	residential
71	Comcast Technology Center	Philadelphia	2018	339.1 m / 1,112 ft	59	composite	hotel / office
72	Wuxi International Finance Square	Wuxi	2014	339 m / 1,112 ft	68	composite	hotel / office
73	Chongqing World Financial Center	Chongqing	2015	338.9 m / 1,112 ft	72	composite	hotel / office
74	Mercury City Tower	Moscow	2013	338.8 m / 1,112 ft	75	concrete	residential / office
75	Suning Plaza Tower 1	Zhenjiang	2018	338 m / 1,109 ft	75	composite	hotel / serviced apartments / SOHO / office
75	Tianjin Modern City Office Tower	Tianjin	2016	338 m / 1,109 ft	65	composite	office
77	Tianjin World Financial Center	Tianjin	2011	336.9 m / 1,105 ft	75	composite	office
78	Wilshire Grand Center	Los Angeles	2017	335.3 m / 1,100 ft	73	composite	hotel / office
79	DAMAC Heights	Dubai	2018	335.1 m / 1,099 ft	88	concrete	residential
80	Shimao International Plaza	Shanghai	2006	333.3 m / 1,094 ft	60	concrete	hotel / office / retail
81	LCT The Sharp Residential Tower B	Busan	2019	333.1 m / 1,093 ft	85	concrete	residential
82	Rose Rayhaan by Rotana	Dubai	2007	333 m / 1,093 ft	71	composite	hotel
83	The Address Residence - Fountain Views III	Dubai	2019	331.8 m / 1,089 ft	77	concrete	serviced apartments / hotel
84	Minsheng Bank Building	Wuhan	2008	331 m / 1,086 ft	68	steel	office
85	China World Tower	Beijing	2010	330 m / 1,083 ft	74	composite	hotel / office
85	Shimao Qianhai Project Tower 1	Shenzhen	2020	330 m / 1,083 ft	70	composite	office
85	Yuexiu Fortune Center Tower 1	Wuhan	2017	330 m / 1,083 ft	68	composite	office
88	Hon Kwok City Center	Shenzhen	2017	329.4 m / 1,081 ft	80	composite	residential / office
89	3 World Trade Center	New York City	2018	328.9 m / 1,079 ft	69	composite	office
90	Zhuhai Tower	Zhuhai	2017	328.8 m / 1,079 ft	66	composite	hotel / office
91	Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower	Hanoi	2012	328.6 m / 1,078 ft	72	concrete	hotel / residential / office
92	Longxi International Hotel	Wuxi	2011	328 m / 1,076 ft	72	composite	residential / hotel
92	Al Yaqoub Tower	Dubai	2013	328 m / 1,076 ft	69	concrete	hotel / office
92	Golden Eagle Tiandi Tower B	Nanjing	2019	328 m / 1,076 ft	68	composite	office
92	Wuxi Suning Plaza 1	Wuxi	2014	328 m / 1,076 ft	67	composite	hotel / serviced apartments / office
96	Baoneng Center	Shenzhen	2018	327.3 m / 1,074 ft	65	composite	office
97	Salesforce Tower	San Francisco	2018	326.1 m / 1,070 ft	61	composite	office
98	The Index	Dubai	2010	326 m / 1,070 ft	80	concrete	residential / office
99	The Landmark	Abu Dhabi	2013	324 m / 1,063 ft	72	concrete	residential / office
99	Deji Plaza	Nanjing	2013	324 m / 1,063 ft	62	composite	hotel / office

Messages Timeline Exceptions Views13 Route Queries14 Models2249 Mails Gate Session Request

7.3.33990ms18MBGET buildings

Booting (8.67ms)
Application (982ms)
1 x Application (99.12%)
981.64ms
1 x Booting (0.88%)
8.67ms

13 templates were rendered

buildings.list-redesign (resources/views/buildings/list-redesign.blade.php)15blade


buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel

Params
0	`buildings`
1	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
2	`heightEstimationMetrics`
3	`listTypes`
4	`heightOptions`
5	`heightOption`
6	`heightColumn`
7	`selectedType`
8	`allBuildingStatuses`
9	`forPdf`
10	`layout`
11	`showDataWarning`
12	`title`
13	`description`
14	`accessLevel`

common-redesign.login-message (resources/views/common-redesign/login-message.blade.php)26blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
directionRight
noRightMargin

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`directionRight`
25	`noRightMargin`

buildings.partials.elements.height-estimated-tooltip-for-list (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/height-estimated-tooltip-for-list.blade.php)28blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
heightEstimationMetric

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`heightEstimationMetric`

buildings.partials.elements.height-estimated-tooltip-for-list (resources/views/buildings/partials/elements/height-estimated-tooltip-for-list.blade.php)28blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
heightEstimationMetric

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`heightEstimationMetric`

layouts.SSC-standard (resources/views/layouts/SSC-standard.blade.php)27blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`

layouts.SSC (resources/views/layouts/SSC.blade.php)27blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`

common.header (resources/views/common/header.blade.php)29blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data
nav

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`
28	`nav`

common.algoliaSearch (resources/views/common/algoliaSearch.php)29php


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data
nav

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`
28	`nav`

common.algoliaSearch (resources/views/common/algoliaSearch.php)31php


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data
nav
item
child

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`
28	`nav`
29	`item`
30	`child`

common.footer (resources/views/common/footer.blade.php)28blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`

common.footer-call-to-subscribe (resources/views/common/footer-call-to-subscribe.blade.php)28blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`

cookieConsent::index (vendor/spatie/laravel-cookie-consent/resources/views/index.blade.php)30blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data
alreadyConsentedWithCookies
cookieConsentConfig

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`
28	`alreadyConsentedWithCookies`
29	`cookieConsentConfig`

cookieConsent::dialogContents (vendor/spatie/laravel-cookie-consent/resources/views/dialogContents.blade.php)30blade


obLevel
__env
app
errors
lucky_50
buildings
isHasEstimatedHeight
heightEstimationMetrics
listTypes
heightOptions
heightOption
heightColumn
selectedType
allBuildingStatuses
forPdf
layout
showDataWarning
title
description
accessLevel
__currentLoopData
listTypeData
listType
loop
longStatus
status
building
data
alreadyConsentedWithCookies
cookieConsentConfig

Params
0	`obLevel`
1	`__env`
2	`app`
3	`errors`
4	`lucky_50`
5	`buildings`
6	`isHasEstimatedHeight`
7	`heightEstimationMetrics`
8	`listTypes`
9	`heightOptions`
10	`heightOption`
11	`heightColumn`
12	`selectedType`
13	`allBuildingStatuses`
14	`forPdf`
15	`layout`
16	`showDataWarning`
17	`title`
18	`description`
19	`accessLevel`
20	`__currentLoopData`
21	`listTypeData`
22	`listType`
23	`loop`
24	`longStatus`
25	`status`
26	`building`
27	`data`
28	`alreadyConsentedWithCookies`
29	`cookieConsentConfig`

uri: GET buildings
middleware: web
controller: App\Http\Controllers\BuildingController@buildingList
namespace: App\Http\Controllers
prefix
where
as: buildings
file: app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:662-790

14 statements were executed698ms

select * from `ctbuh_building` where structure_type = 'building' AND active = '1' AND status IN ('COM', 'UREN') and `ctbuh_building`.`deleted_at` is null order by `height_architecture` desc, `floors_above` desc, `name_intl` asc limit 100

569ms/app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742buldingdb

Metadata
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	14. /app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176

select * from `v2_cities` where `v2_cities`.`id` in (629, 630, 745, 746, 750, 751, 755, 766, 777, 789, 790, 795, 796, 802, 803, 806, 813, 814, 825, 829, 1071, 1072, 1079, 1118, 1438, 1439, 1451, 1486, 1488, 1509, 1539, 1611, 1641, 1657, 1683, 1738, 1740)

4.1ms/app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742buldingdb

Metadata
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176

select * from `v2_countries` where `v2_countries`.`id` in (2, 34, 85, 86, 112, 135, 137, 163, 168)1.95ms/app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742buldingdb

Metadata
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	24. /app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 26. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176

select `v3_images`.*, `v3_building_image`.`building_id` as `pivot_building_id`, `v3_building_image`.`image_id` as `pivot_image_id`, `v3_building_image`.`position` as `pivot_position` from `v3_images` inner join `v3_building_image` on `v3_images`.`id` = `v3_building_image`.`image_id` where `v3_building_image`.`building_id` in (54, 56, 84, 88, 108, 117, 118, 131, 137, 150, 165, 169, 173, 174, 176, 185, 189, 196, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 233, 235, 237, 238, 242, 247, 249, 258, 259, 261, 263, 265, 273, 277, 287, 290, 291, 298, 306, 310, 311, 338, 339, 343, 344, 345, 348, 356, 360, 363, 364, 369, 370, 374, 376, 379, 387, 388, 389, 395, 403, 414, 433, 5211, 8701, 8763, 8823, 8980, 9686, 9692, 10698, 11116, 11169, 11329, 11462, 11463, 12160, 12575, 13144, 13227, 13245, 13325, 13610, 13611, 14589, 14600, 14606, 14797, 15294, 15373, 15741, 16192, 16604, 16978, 18192, 24971, 38500) order by `position` asc

95.09ms/app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742buldingdb

Metadata
Backtrace	18. /app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:742 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176

select * from `height_estimation_metrics`1.98ms/app/Services/Buildings/HeightEstimation/MetricRetriever.php:42buldingdb

Metadata
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table The `SELECT` statement has no `WHERE` clause and could examine many more rows than intended
Backtrace	15. /app/Services/Buildings/HeightEstimation/MetricRetriever.php:42 16. /app/Services/Buildings/HeightEstimation/MetricRetriever.php:21 17. /app/Http/Controllers/BuildingController.php:754 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `parent_id` is null1.56ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:17buldingdb

Metadata
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	14. /app/NavMenuItem.php:17 15. /app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php:60 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Concerns/ManagesEvents.php:177 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:124 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:91

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 27 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

2.42ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 27
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `pages` where `pages`.`id` = 88 limit 11.68ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:97buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 88
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table `LIMIT` without `ORDER BY` causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
Backtrace	20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:97 21. /app/NavMenuItem.php:78 22. /app/NavMenuItem.php:89 23. view::common.header:91 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 28 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

1.48ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 28
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 2 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

1.98ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 2
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 4 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

7.18ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 4
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 3 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

6.44ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 3
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 29 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

1.5ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 29
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

select * from `nav_menu_items` where `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` = 1 and `nav_menu_items`.`parent_id` is not null order by `display_order` asc

1.31ms/app/NavMenuItem.php:110buldingdb

Metadata
Bindings	0. 1
Hints	Use `SELECT *` only if you need all columns from table
Backtrace	19. /app/NavMenuItem.php:110 20. /app/NavMenuItem.php:115 21. view::common.header:85 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36

App\Page: 1
App\NavMenuItem: 36
App\HeightEstimationMetric: 10
App\Image: 2056
App\Country: 9
App\City: 37
App\Building: 100

_token: eHKeeL6itFRMaZrpkgXB9nYsHg3RnXkPkfwVljv6
_previous: array:1 [ "url" => "https://staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/buildings" ]
_flash: array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA: []

path_info

/buildings

status_code

status_text

format

html

content_type

text/html; charset=UTF-8

request_query

[]

request_request

[]

request_headers

  0 of 0   
array:18 [▶
  "cookie" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlI1QU9RTnpoc0xiNmVqOCtjZXVPWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFl2aDN0N0hRR2czZU5oZlYzUjBFVnJxdjQrRVNmQTI4dEdFRzhuV0VqZUJZd0Z4eVVHQ2NmdEJLU1NWeTZYNTNcL3pOdEJkc1NcL1pBbDVTbXRpbFlXZWtcL2lQWUdlOG5hTWc0aHM2RXBmUmRTZUdBZXJlVmNNVTlXS3RrMVNsckoiLCJtYWMiOiI4OTNiY2YwNGUxZTI2ZDI5ZGM0MTNjYjRjZmYyMmE1MTYxODZiNDNiMmEwOTVhZTdmNTc1ZWQ5NjFkOWU2YjIzIn0%3D; skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IlwvWXRkY21adEliKzRoaVQxQmE3aU9RPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6InhHOW4xbmlvWG5QOFU3OWNDVlh0bFg2c3hYMGRwOExEamcyVHV3b3JJTk5VRnRuY01KNTFud0JlV1ozZTNoOFwvRUxXUGptQ052K3VYXC9WN3FNOGphY3VDOGQzcVZBaWJIXC9jZWlnY1o4eERUV0M1XC91MzhrVk1jVllGOGFTYXBVSiIsIm1hYyI6IjQ2M2M4YjE0ZjI5YjE5NmNlNjA5ZmQ3YWM3ZjQ2OTMzZTAzYWMxZWViYjJhMWVmMjM4YzIxMjA2ZDVkZmVmOGMifQ%3D%3D; visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ilhzb29ENGtFNXFZdWVjeEwyeXg4T2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUs5d3VqWENOaEU4OGFkMmludktubjFGSzRKZU5FaHBVSzFoTDFRSEMrVHY1eVh6ajBZNkZkV3A2OEQycDBYUiIsIm1hYyI6ImUzNzk3MjBiYTYwNTJhMTU4Y2RkMTg4MjVmZjhhYWZiMDA5MWI5NGE0OGNlZGUwZDY0MGViMjBiZDRkNjkyMzYifQ%3D%3D ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlI1QU9RTnpoc0xiNmVqOCtjZXVPWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFl2aDN0N0hRR2czZU5oZlYzUjBFVnJxdjQrRVNmQTI4dEdFRzhuV0VqZUJZd0Z4eVVHQ2NmdEJLU1NWeTZYNTNcL3pOd ▶"
  ]
  "priority" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "u=0, i"
  ]
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  ]
  "content-length" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
]

request_server

  0 of 0   
array:41 [▶
  "USER" => "forge"
  "HOME" => "/home/forge"
  "HTTP_COOKIE" => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlI1QU9RTnpoc0xiNmVqOCtjZXVPWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFl2aDN0N0hRR2czZU5oZlYzUjBFVnJxdjQrRVNmQTI4dEdFRzhuV0VqZUJZd0Z4eVVHQ2NmdEJLU1NWeTZYNTNcL3pOdEJkc1NcL1pBbDVTbXRpbFlXZWtcL2lQWUdlOG5hTWc0aHM2RXBmUmRTZUdBZXJlVmNNVTlXS3RrMVNsckoiLCJtYWMiOiI4OTNiY2YwNGUxZTI2ZDI5ZGM0MTNjYjRjZmYyMmE1MTYxODZiNDNiMmEwOTVhZTdmNTc1ZWQ5NjFkOWU2YjIzIn0%3D; skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6IlwvWXRkY21adEliKzRoaVQxQmE3aU9RPT0iLCJ2YWx1ZSI6InhHOW4xbmlvWG5QOFU3OWNDVlh0bFg2c3hYMGRwOExEamcyVHV3b3JJTk5VRnRuY01KNTFud0JlV1ozZTNoOFwvRUxXUGptQ052K3VYXC9WN3FNOGphY3VDOGQzcVZBaWJIXC9jZWlnY1o4eERUV0M1XC91MzhrVk1jVllGOGFTYXBVSiIsIm1hYyI6IjQ2M2M4YjE0ZjI5YjE5NmNlNjA5ZmQ3YWM3ZjQ2OTMzZTAzYWMxZWViYjJhMWVmMjM4YzIxMjA2ZDVkZmVmOGMifQ%3D%3D; visit_counter=eyJpdiI6Ilhzb29ENGtFNXFZdWVjeEwyeXg4T2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQUs5d3VqWENOaEU4OGFkMmludktubjFGSzRKZU5FaHBVSzFoTDFRSEMrVHY1eVh6ajBZNkZkV3A2OEQycDBYUiIsIm1hYyI6ImUzNzk3MjBiYTYwNTJhMTU4Y2RkMTg4MjVmZjhhYWZiMDA5MWI5NGE0OGNlZGUwZDY0MGViMjBiZDRkNjkyMzYifQ%3D%3D ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlI1QU9RTnpoc0xiNmVqOCtjZXVPWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieFl2aDN0N0hRR2czZU5oZlYzUjBFVnJxdjQrRVNmQTI4dEdFRzhuV0VqZUJZd0Z4eVVHQ2NmdEJLU1NWeTZYNTNcL3pOd ▶"
  "HTTP_PRIORITY" => "u=0, i"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows""
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129""
  "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_HOST" => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200"
  "HTTPS" => "on"
  "SERVER_NAME" => "staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz"
  "SERVER_PORT" => "443"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "10.0.0.44"
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "2936"
  "REMOTE_ADDR" => "18.218.155.110"
  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "nginx/1.18.0"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/2.0"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/forge/staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/public"
  "DOCUMENT_URI" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_URI" => "/buildings"
  "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/index.php"
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/forge/staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/public/index.php"
  "CONTENT_LENGTH" => ""
  "CONTENT_TYPE" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER"
  "PHP_SELF" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1743702664.2248
  "REQUEST_TIME" => 1743702664
]

request_cookies

  0 of 0   
array:3 [▶
  "XSRF-TOKEN" => "eHKeeL6itFRMaZrpkgXB9nYsHg3RnXkPkfwVljv6"
  "skyscraper_center_session" => "gI2hIVImrMfeHdd8xCwYxZhWfqXJyTTFGfc1kwdv"
  "visit_counter" => "1"
]

response_headers

  0 of 0   
array:5 [▶
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache, private"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Thu, 03 Apr 2025 17:51:05 GMT"
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGTVVFZk1UTURrUFlSYjN1dmVUZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZHNzc1JsMzNiMjZRVlFHenRwWXF5dzErVHU2UjdkV1Btczl0MVE3VTdnSTBQVjZ2UHUydDFVWHJ0WVNqTkhmTXBGZ1JEdHdUcmlTbWhLbWNtTUFlR1lTeEJMZ01xZ3FZTkdaMGs5REJXeVppYVlzT1BYV0lBNkp5Y055VmtZMysiLCJtYWMiOiI4YTcxNDBlOWE0MWI4NWVjZjczZjNmNjZlMmVkN2JkYTEyNGM0NDk0NDIwOWMyMWMyMjVhMDk0ZjkyZDM5MThiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 03-Apr-2025 19:51:05 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGTVVFZk1UTURrUFlSYjN1dmVUZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZHNzc1JsMzNiMjZRVlFHenRwWXF5dzErVHU2UjdkV1Btczl0MVE3VTdnSTBQVjZ2UHUydDFVWHJ0WVNqTkhmTXBGZ1JEd ▶"
    1 => "skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6ImdvWDg1TkRJTTNqSENRc0VaZXF1dVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid2djRlV3MVdabnlcL0s0em5ER0hhY1p1YmxsOGU0VGU4ZGdKczBxMTl0eEo2bEVHSW85emhQaHJkdjZ1cmQxdHJsQWl2WTVFdnhacDBQTlp1SmY5WHJ1bHh1T2pxZGdGTVhVMHdMSXNqNlhSQ2JzSW5YVUVxNkh1UzdyQVwvS0hPYiIsIm1hYyI6IjFiYjhmMzk4ZjUwZGZhOWIxOTU2Mzk4NGI1ZWUyZDA1YmE2M2MwZmIzMjI4ZDI2MTk0NzI1NTRmNTY0OTZhZjUifQ%3D%3D; expires=Thu, 03-Apr-2025 19:51:05 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly ◀skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6ImdvWDg1TkRJTTNqSENRc0VaZXF1dVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid2djRlV3MVdabnlcL0s0em5ER0hhY1p1YmxsOGU0VGU4ZGdKczBxMTl0eEo2bEVHSW85emhQaHJkdj ▶"
    2 => "visit_counter=eyJpdiI6ImxMclpDWFpJRU8yUDB0R0EzM0xuR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3U2cWJxRWQ5bmoycEl0XC95cDVNdXN6MXZXRUN1dU1uNHRkUmduMk51dHNCbmVVbkFmT0VJSzJETVpJSHRNRTQiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDE5ZDViM2Q5YTZjOGY1MjU4MzM2NjA5YmI2MDg5NTc2YzU3NjA4NjRlZDYxM2Y0ODMxYTJmOTg5OTA0MzM0In0%3D; expires=Sat, 03-May-2025 17:51:04 GMT; Max-Age=2591999; path=/; httponly ◀visit_counter=eyJpdiI6ImxMclpDWFpJRU8yUDB0R0EzM0xuR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3U2cWJxRWQ5bmoycEl0XC95cDVNdXN6MXZXRUN1dU1uNHRkUmduMk51dHNCbmVVbkFmT0VJSzJETVpJSHRNRTQiLC ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGTVVFZk1UTURrUFlSYjN1dmVUZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZHNzc1JsMzNiMjZRVlFHenRwWXF5dzErVHU2UjdkV1Btczl0MVE3VTdnSTBQVjZ2UHUydDFVWHJ0WVNqTkhmTXBGZ1JEdHdUcmlTbWhLbWNtTUFlR1lTeEJMZ01xZ3FZTkdaMGs5REJXeVppYVlzT1BYV0lBNkp5Y055VmtZMysiLCJtYWMiOiI4YTcxNDBlOWE0MWI4NWVjZjczZjNmNjZlMmVkN2JkYTEyNGM0NDk0NDIwOWMyMWMyMjVhMDk0ZjkyZDM5MThiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 03-Apr-2025 19:51:05 GMT; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGTVVFZk1UTURrUFlSYjN1dmVUZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZHNzc1JsMzNiMjZRVlFHenRwWXF5dzErVHU2UjdkV1Btczl0MVE3VTdnSTBQVjZ2UHUydDFVWHJ0WVNqTkhmTXBGZ1JEd ▶"
    1 => "skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6ImdvWDg1TkRJTTNqSENRc0VaZXF1dVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid2djRlV3MVdabnlcL0s0em5ER0hhY1p1YmxsOGU0VGU4ZGdKczBxMTl0eEo2bEVHSW85emhQaHJkdjZ1cmQxdHJsQWl2WTVFdnhacDBQTlp1SmY5WHJ1bHh1T2pxZGdGTVhVMHdMSXNqNlhSQ2JzSW5YVUVxNkh1UzdyQVwvS0hPYiIsIm1hYyI6IjFiYjhmMzk4ZjUwZGZhOWIxOTU2Mzk4NGI1ZWUyZDA1YmE2M2MwZmIzMjI4ZDI2MTk0NzI1NTRmNTY0OTZhZjUifQ%3D%3D; expires=Thu, 03-Apr-2025 19:51:05 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀skyscraper_center_session=eyJpdiI6ImdvWDg1TkRJTTNqSENRc0VaZXF1dVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid2djRlV3MVdabnlcL0s0em5ER0hhY1p1YmxsOGU0VGU4ZGdKczBxMTl0eEo2bEVHSW85emhQaHJkdj ▶"
    2 => "visit_counter=eyJpdiI6ImxMclpDWFpJRU8yUDB0R0EzM0xuR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3U2cWJxRWQ5bmoycEl0XC95cDVNdXN6MXZXRUN1dU1uNHRkUmduMk51dHNCbmVVbkFmT0VJSzJETVpJSHRNRTQiLCJtYWMiOiI1NDE5ZDViM2Q5YTZjOGY1MjU4MzM2NjA5YmI2MDg5NTc2YzU3NjA4NjRlZDYxM2Y0ODMxYTJmOTg5OTA0MzM0In0%3D; expires=Sat, 03-May-2025 17:51:04 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀visit_counter=eyJpdiI6ImxMclpDWFpJRU8yUDB0R0EzM0xuR1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3U2cWJxRWQ5bmoycEl0XC95cDVNdXN6MXZXRUN1dU1uNHRkUmduMk51dHNCbmVVbkFmT0VJSzJETVpJSHRNRTQiLC ▶"
  ]
]

session_attributes

  0 of 0   
array:4 [▶
  "_token" => "eHKeeL6itFRMaZrpkgXB9nYsHg3RnXkPkfwVljv6"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://staging.skyscrapercenter.xyz/buildings"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
  "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => []
]

1 x Application (99.12%)	981.64ms
1 x Booting (0.88%)	8.67ms

View all results

Tallest Buildings

Steel

Reinforced Concrete

Precast Concrete

Timber

Mixed-Structure

Composite